The stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RESs) necessitates treating power system frequency response as a random process with a nonstationary probability density function (PDF). Based upon ...

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Lipids are fatty compounds that perform a range of essential functions in the body. Phospholipids, steroids, and triglycerides are examples of lipids. Although lipids play an essential role in the ...

Abstract: Several approaches have been developed to estimate probability density functions (pdfs). The pdf has two important properties: the integration of pdf over whole sampling space is equal to 1 ...

The COS method was introduced in Fang & Oosterlee (2008) and then was applied to pricing a variety of stock options for continuous random variables. This paper adapts the Fourier-cosine series (COS) ...

The main problem of quantum mechanics is to elucidate why the probability density is the modulus square of wave function. For the purpose of solving this problem, we explored the possibility of ...