Optical signal transmission can be significantly improved by limiting the wavelength of transmitted signals. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a technique widely used in optical communication, sensing, and ...

Editor’s note: In this Design Idea (DI), contributor Bonicatto designs a digital filter system (DFS). This is a benchtop filtering system that can apply various filter types to an incoming signal. The ...

Kalman filtering has long served as a foundational tool for state estimation in dynamic systems, offering a robust and efficient means of filtering noise from measured signals. In the realm of ...

All systems, including filters, are causal. That means they can’t produce a response to an (unpredictable) stimulus before that stimulus arrives. So, how the heck can you build a filter that ‘predicts ...