Our foray into causal analysis is not yet complete. Until we define the methods of causal inference, we can't get to the deeper insights that causal analysis can provide. This article details many of ...

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This paper describes threats to making valid causal inferences about pandemic impacts on student learning based on cross-year comparisons of average test scores. The paper uses Spring 2021 test score ...

We know that correlation does not imply causation, but careful analyses of correlations are often our only way to quantify cause and effect in domains ranging from healthcare to education. This ...

About The Study: Adoption of the proposed framework to identify when causal interpretation is appropriate in observational studies promises to facilitate better communication between authors, ...

The schematic illustrates the comprehensive pipeline for Mendelian randomization analysis, starting with multi-omics data inputs from GWAS, eQTL, and pQTL studies, sourced from major databases such as ...

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